Strangeness
and the Strangers
Imam Ibn ul Qayyim al Jawziyyah
Adoptted by Ammar ibn Abdullah al-Hindi
Based on a booklet by ibn Qayyim entitled
al-Ghurbathu wa al-Ghuraba
Some modifications and additions have
been made, © 1994 Basheer Publications
"Islam began as something strange,
and it shall return to being something strange, so give glad tidings to
the strangers."
The Meaning of "Strangeness"
Many times in many situations the people
that follow the religion of Allah feel a sense of not belonging, of being
out of place, of not fitting in, and, in other words, of being strange.
This feeling could occur in a gathering of non-Muslims, but, unfortunately,
this feeling sometimes also occurs when one is with his fellow Muslims.
A person sees his brothers and sisters doing acts that are contrary to
Islam, or taking part in innovations that sometimes even border on kufr
(apostasy), yet he feels that he does not have enough power or courage
to stop them in these acts. Some brothers and sisters, especially if they
do not have enough taqwa or Islamic knowledge, sometimes buckle under the
pressure of their peers and join in these acts, knowing that this is not
what Allah wants them to do. However, feeling helpless, since it seems
that they are alone in their ideas and without any support to help them
do what is right, they succumb to such pressures.
These brothers and sisters, may Allah have
mercy on them, should take consolation in the verses of the Qur’an and
the many statements of the Prophet (peace be upon him) describing this
very situation of strangeness that they feel.
Why Have They Been Called "Strangers"?
Allah says in the Qur’an, "If only there
had been, in the generations preceding you, people having wisdom, prohibiting
others from evil in the earth; except a few of those whom we have saved
from among them." (Hud 116).
This verse speaks of the few people on
earth, the "strangers", who prohibit mankind from evil. These are the same
people the Prophet (peace be upon him) spoke about when he said, "Islam
began as something strange, and it shall return to being something strange,
so give glad tidings [ar. Tooba. This is a tree in Paradise. So the Prophet
(peace be upon him) is giving the good news of Paradise to these strangers.]
to the strangers." It was asked, "Who are those strangers, O Messenger
of Allah?" He replied, "Those that correct the people when they become
corrupt." [Reported by Abu Amr al-Dani, from the hadith of ibn Masoud.
It is authentic according to al-Albani. Another narration says, "Those
that correct my sunnah which has been corrupted by the people after me."]
In another narration he said in response to the same question, "They are
a small group of people among a large evil population. Those who oppose
them are more than those who follow them." [Reported by ibn Asaakir. It
is authentic according to al-Albani.]
These praiseworthy people are called strangers
since they are a small minority among mankind. Thus, Muslims are strangers
among mankind; the true believers are strangers among Muslims; and the
scholars are strangers among the true believers. And the followers of the
Sunnah, those that clear themselves from all peoples of innovation, are
likewise strangers.
In reality, however, their strangeness
is only because they are the minority and it is not because their actions
and beliefs are strange. This is what Allah says in surah al-Anaam, "And
if you obey most of the people on Earth, they will lead you astray" (al-Anaam
116). Allah also says, "And most of mankind will not believe, even if you
(O Muhammad) desire it eagerly" (Yusuf 103); "And truly, most of mankind
are rebellious and disobedient (to Allah)." (al-Maidah 49); "But nay, most
of mankind are ungrateful" (Yusuf 38). Therefore, Allah, the all-Knowing
Creator, knows the most of mankind will not follow the truth. Instead,
only a small group of people will be set apart that truly and correctly
believe in Him, the strangers from among mankind.
The strangers in belief, however, and the
strangers in character and actions are in reality the majority of mankind,
for they are strange to Islam and to the laws that Allah has revealed.
Thus we see that there are various types of strangeness, of which some
are praiseworthy, some are blameworthy and some are neither praiseworthy
or blameworthy. We will discuss these various categories separately below.
The Various Types of Strangeness
You should know, may Allah have mercy upon
you, that strangeness is of three types:
The first type of strangeness is the strangeness
of the "People of Allah and the People of His Messenger" (peace be upon
him), which we mentioned previously. This strangeness is a praiseworthy
strangeness, as it has been praised by Allah and His Messenger (peace be
upon him). Therefore, this kind of strangeness should be sought and its
people must be supported. This strangeness occurs in different times, in
different places, and among different peoples. These strangers, then, are
the true "People of Allah" for they do not worship ought save Him, and
they do not take support from any path except the path of the Prophet (peace
be upon him), and they do not call to anything except that which has been
brought by the Prophet (peace be upon him). These are the people who left
mankind when they (the strangers) were in need of them the most. For, on
the Day of Judgment, when all other groups will go with that which they
used to worship, they will stay in their places. It will be said to them,
"Will you not go as the other people have gone?" They will answer, "We
had abandoned the people (in this life), and we were more in need of them
then we are today, and we will wait for our Lord whom we used to worship."
[Recorded by al-Bukhari and Muslim]
Thus it is apparent that this strangeness
does not cause its bearer any discontent. Rather it is a comforting strangeness,
a solace to the believers. This is because he knows that his helpers are
Allah, His Messenger and those who believe [This is a reference to verse
55 of surah al-Maidah], even if all of mankind left and abandoned him.
These strangers are again described in a hadith narrated by Anas ibn Malik,
in which the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "It is possible that a disheveled,
dusty person, with not many belongings [Literally, "with two headdresses"],
who is not noticed among the people, if he asks of Allah, Allah will fulfill
his prayer." [Reported by at-Tirmidhi and al-Hakim. Al-Albani said it is
authentic.] Al-Hasan al-Basri [a very famous Follower – tabi` - known for
his piety, asceticism and knowledge] said, "A believer is a stranger in
this world, he is never afraid of its humiliation, and he never competes
for its glory. The people are in one situation and he is in a different
situation. The people are content with him, yet he is in turmoil [Literally,
"tired"] with himself."
From the characteristics of these strangers
that the Prophet (peace be upon him) described is the holding on to the
sunnah of the Messenger (peace be upon him), even if the people abandon
it. They, the strangers, leave all the innovations that their people invent,
even if such practices should be common among them. They also stick to
tawheed, even if the people corrupt it with shirk. They do not ascribe
themselves to anything besides Allah and His Prophet (peace be upon him);
they do not, that is, ascribe themselves to a shaikh, tariqah, particular
madhhab or a group of people. They are dedicated only to Allah, with their
sincere worship of Him and Him alone, and to His Prophet (peace be upon
him), by following the path that he followed. These are the people who
grasp the glowing hot embers [A reference to the hadith that is to follow],
even though most of mankind - nay, all of them - blame them for this. This
is the meaning of the statements of the Prophet (peace be upon him) alluding
to the fact that they stick to his sunnah, even if the people corrupt it.
Allah, all praise be to Him, sent His Prophet
(peace be upon him) when mankind followed different religions, for there
were those who worshipped rivers and trees, and there were those who worshipped
idols, and there were Christians, Jews and Zoroastrians. Islam, when it
first appeared among these people, was strange to them. If a person from
among them accepted Islam and followed the call of Allah and His Prophet
(peace be upon him), he would be shunned by his family and his tribe. He
would live the life of a stranger among his people. Eventually, however,
Islam spread far and wide. The Muslims became stronger and stronger, so
much so that the strangers were those that did not accept the teachings
of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
But, alas, Satan deceived mankind again.
People took to the ways that their forefathers, who had accepted Islam,
had abandoned until, finally, Islam became strange again, just like it
had started and just like the Prophet (peace be upon him) had foretold.
Nay, indeed, rather the true Islam - that which the Prophet (peace be upon
him) and his Companions were following [this is a reference to the reply
that the Prophet (peace be upon him) gave when asked what the characteristics
of the "Saved Group" were] has become even stranger to the people then
when it initially appeared, even though its outward signs and external
relics are well known and widespread. [This is what ibn al-Qayyim, wrote
in the 8th Century of the Hijrah, wrote. Imagine our situations six centuries
after him. May Allah protect us.]
How can it not be so, when these strangers
are only one group among seventy-two others [the Prophet (peace be upon
him) said in an authentic hadith that this Ummah would divide into seventy-three
groups, all of which would go to Hell except the one Saved Group.], each
of which follows its own desires and takes its passions as gods? Those
are the groups that base their teachings on doubts and innovations and
whose sole purpose is the gratification of their own desires. Thus, the
group whose goal is to achieve the pleasure of Allah by following the path
of His Messenger (peace be upon him) will be the strange one among all
of the other groups.
This is why the true Muslims - those that
adamantly cling to the Sunnah - will have the reward of fifty Companions.
When the Prophet (peace be upon him) was asked about the verse, "O you
who believe! Take care of your own selves. If you follow right guidance,
no harm can come to you from those who err" (al-Maidah 105), he said, "Nay
indeed, order good and forbid evil until you see stinginess being obeyed,
and desires being followed, and this world preferred [over the next], and
each person being deluded by his own opinions. Then take care of yourself
and leave the common people. For indeed, after you there will be days of
patience, where patience will be like holding on to glowing embers. Whoever
is able to do this will have the reward of fifty people that do like him."
They asked, "O Messenger of Allah, the reward of fifty of them?" He replied,
"The reward of fifty of you" [Recorded by al-Tirmidhi and Abu Dawud with
a weak chain but it has supporting evidence. Al-Albani calls it sahih.
See al-Sahiha, #957]. This reward is due to his strangeness among the people.
So, if the believer whom Allah has blessed
with wisdom and knowledge wants to tread upon this path, the path of Allah,
then let him be prepared to resign himself to the life of a stranger among
his people, just like his predecessors who accepted Islam were treated
by the people. For indeed, he will be a stranger in his beliefs, because
his people have corrupted their beliefs. He will be a stranger in his religion,
due to what the people have done to it. He will be a stranger in his manner
of praying, because the people are ignorant of the prayer of the Prophet
(peace be upon him). He will be a stranger in his ordering of good and
prohibiting evil, for the people have taken what is evil as good and they
have abandoned what is good as evil. In short, then, he will be a stranger
in all his matters of this world and the Hereafter, calling to the path
of Allah and withstanding the harm of all those that go against him.
As for the second type of strangeness,
then know, O reader, that this strangeness is the blameworthy strangeness,
for its people are the evil sinners, the ignorant and the arrogant of mankind.
Their strangeness is due to their refusal to follow the correct and straight
path of Allah. This strangeness is the strangeness of not conforming to
the religion of Islam and, as such, it will remain strange even if its
followers are numerous, its power is strong and its existence is widespread.
These are the strangers to Allah. May Allah keep us from becoming one of
them.
The third category of strangeness is, in
essence, neither praiseworthy or blameworthy. It is the strangeness that
a traveler experiences when he travels to a different country, like a person
who lives in a place for a short period of time, knowing that he has to
move on. One aspect of this strangeness is that all of us, whether we realize
it or not, are strangers in this world, for we will all go one day to our
permanent abode in the Hereafter. This is the meaning of the hadith of
the Prophet (peace be upon him) when he told Abdullah ibn Umar, "Live in
this world as though you are a stranger or a wayfarer." Thus, this category
of strangeness has the potential to become a praiseworthy strangeness if
we realize the meaning of this statement of Allah's Messenger (peace be
upon him).
We pray that Allah bless us to be Muslims,
knowledgeable and pious, and that He forgive us our sins and bless us with
His Mercy.
Glorified be your Lord, the Lord of Honor
and Power! (He is free) from what they attribute to Him And Peace be on
the Messengers. And all Praise and thanks be to the Allah, the Lord of
the Worlds.
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